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Bad Cholesterol - LDL-cholesterol (Low-Density-Lipoprotein)
LDL cholesterol (Low-Density-Lipoprotein) is another fat found in the blood. When too much LDL cholesterol circulates in the blood, it can slowly build up in the inner walls of the arteries that feed the heart and brain. Together with other substances it can form plaque, a thick, hard deposit that can clog those arteries. This condition is known as atherosclerosis. If a clot forms and blocks a narrowed artery, it can cause a heart attack or stroke.
The levels of HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the blood are measured to evaluate the risk of having a heart attack. LDL cholesterol of less than 2.6 mmol/l (100 mg/dL) is the optimal level. Less than 3.4 mmol/l (130 mg/dL) is near optimal for most people.
A high LDL level (more than 4.1 mmol/l or 3.4 mmol/l or above if you have two or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease) reflects an increased risk of heart disease. That's why LDL cholesterol is often called "bad" cholesterol.
The chart below outlines national guidelines for LDL levels.
| LDL Cholesterol Levels* |
Risk Classification |
| Less than 2.6 mmol/l (100 mg/dL) |
Optimal |
| 4.1 mmol/l (160 mg/dL) and above |
Very high risk |
* Depending on the number of risk factor: 0-1 risk factor <4.1 mmol/l; multiple risk factors <2.6 mmol/l.
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